LED lit from Mains

               Lighting LEDs using battery are not convenient especially in the case of decorating lights (LED), since they are lit continuously for days. So we need another power source which provides power continuously for day. Power from the mains is a better option, but the main power supply is of high voltage (~220V, AC). One method is to use a step-down transformer then a rectifier, a bridge rectifier. But this method is bit costly. Another method is to use a capacitor. This is the most apt method since it is much economic (this method is not recommended for high power consuming appliances).

Transformer less power supply

               A transformer less power supply can be made possible by using a capacitor. The capacitor C1 is connected in series to reduce th current as adding a resistor for decreasing current in the case of dc circuit. The capacitor here has an impedance (reactance) of  where F is the frequency and C is the capacitance of the capacitor. The capacitor is then connected to a bridge rectifier to convert the ac to dc. The rectified output of the dc from the rectifier is connected to the LED.

            

The Virtual Keyboard.

 

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Electronics Tutorial 1

Electronics Tutorial 1

Power supply (power from cell):

 

     The basic need for an electronic circuit is the power supply needed for its working. So it would be better to start with the most commonly used power source, battery (which consists of more than one electrochemical cell). Basically battery is a device which produces electricity directly as a result of chemical reactions. A battery has two terminals, positive and negative. There exist potential differences between these two terminals, that is when we connect the positive and negative terminal there will be a flow of current.